Friday, December 31, 1999
100* who made the Queen City what it is
*More or less
BY PHIL FISHER
The Cincinnati Enquirer
Clockwise from top left: the Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth, Roy Rogers, Powel Crosley Jr., Willam Howard taft, Ruth Lyons, Pete Rose, Dr. Albert B. Sabin.
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We at The Enquirer take our list-making very seriously as the millennium arrives. (And have you heard about that?) So today we present our list of the 100 Greatest Cincinnatians of All Time ... Well, no, they're not all really great. Some of them are pretty awful, like Boss Cox. Or Charlie Manson. (Oh, never mind. He didn't make the cut.)
Let's try again: So today we present our list of 100 Famous Cincinnatians ... Ac tually, some of them you probably never heard of. Know who Granville Woods was? Or Sally Priesand? They're on our list, and pretty interesting people at that.
And we'd better drop that All Time part, because the list really goes back only to the arrival of white settlers in the 1790s. (Though we do include Tecumseh, who was around when they came.)
OK, we'll call it 100 Important Cincinnatians. Though come to think of it, they aren't all Cincinnatians. Some of them just passed through here for a few years, like Leopold Stokowski, or were young here but left to become famous, like Roy Rogers and Theda Bara. And some of them were Kentuckians, like Simon Kenton.
How about 100 People Who Had An Impact On Cincinnati? Well, yes, but some of the people are there more for their impact on how the rest of the world sees us. Like a famous pornographer. Or a famous writer who may not really have said that one-liner about being here for the end of the world.
It seems we made up the list before we picked the title, which might not have been such a great idea, but darn it, we like our list. Sure, it's hard to categorize, but it's 100 fascinating people.
And that's one last problem: There were so many great choices, we couldn't make those final cuts. So we don't have exactly 100.
How about: 102 Interesting People Who Had Something To Do With Cincinnati At Some Time In Their Lives.
Mark Twain (1835-1910), who spent some time in Cincinnati, is reputed to have said, ''When the end of the world comes, I want to be in Cincinnati -- it is always 10 years behind the times.'' Whether he said it or not, and whether it has any merit, the expression is used frequently today, both proudly and derisively.
Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896) wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin after spending 18 years in Cincinnati . The onetime school teacher was immersed in the abolitionist movement at Lane Theological Institute. She was surrounded by people who risked their lives sheltering refugees from slavery and witnessed slave auctions near Maysville, Ky. After she moved to Brunswick, Maine, she forged those memories into the novel that helped precipitate the Civil War.
Henry Farny (1814-1916) was born in France, but lived in Covington. He became famous for his paintings of Indians in their native dress and habitat.
Frank Duveneck (1848-1919) was born in Covington, but studied painting in Munich, where he became a teacher of American art students. He returned to teach at the Art Academy of Cincinnati, where he became Cincinnati's most influential art teacher.
Charles Aiken (1816-1882) orchestrated the music program in Cincinnati's public schools from 1848-1879. Aiken High School is named for him and his two sons, who also taught music.
Jim Dine (1935 - ), a Walnut Hills High grad, was the bad boy of Pop Art in the 1960s. He is now considered one of the most original and skillful of America's living artists.
Syd Nathan (1904-1968) in 1943 created King Records, which produced seminal R&B and hillbilly hits that inspired the fledgling rockers. His incredible stable of artists included James Brown, the Stanley Brothers, Moon Mullican, Bill Doggett, Hank Ballard, Wynonie Harris, Earl Bostic and dozens of other legends-in-the-making.
William 'Bootsy' Collins (1951- ) began his recording career hanging around outside the King Records studio in Evanston. He helped revolutionize funk as the core of James Brown's JBs, then went on to do the same with George Clinton's Parliament/Funkadelic and later with his own Bootsy's Rubber Band. He helped make Cincinnati a center for '70s and '80s R&B and in the '90s has continued pushing the R&B envelope.
Leopold Stokowski (1882-1977) was 27 when he took his first job as the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra's second music director (1909-12). The London-born conductor moved the CSO to Emery Auditorium, where he had designed the hall's widely praised acoustics. It was a stormy tenure. His interpretations were controversial and his romances made headlines. Fired in 1912, he left to make history with the Philadelphia Orchestra.
Doris Day (1924- ), otherwise known as Doris Mary Anne Kappelhoff, began at WLW and inspired a young Rosemary Clooney to follow the same path.
Ruth Lyons (1907-1988), Cincinnati's ''first lady of broadcasting,'' was so popular that tickets for her daily live 50-50 Club show (1949-67 on WLWT) were sold out three years in advance. Her legacy continues today through the Ruth Lyons' Children's Fund, which has raised more than $20 million in 60 years for toys and games for hospitalized children.
James Levine's child-prodigy days are part of Cincinnati lore. Born in 1943, ''Jimmy'' was 10 when he made his debut as pianist with the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. When he made his Metropolitan Opera conducting debut at age 28, he was compared to the legendary Herbert von Karajan.
Theda Bara (1885-1955): As the first fully invented film star, she claimed to be the illegitimate daughter of an Arab princess and a French artist, born in 1891. In fact, she was born Theodosia Goodman in Cincinnati's West End in 1885, the daughter of a tailor. She made more than 35 films -- and a fortune -- between 1914 and 1926.
The Hauck Family was rich in entrepreneurs and philanthropists whose benefaction included purchasing land from the Cincinnati Zoo during financial adversity and then donating it back and restoring the Tyler Davidson Fountain. Bavarian native John Hauck settled in Cincinnati in 1852 and opened a brewery. Son Louis was president of Lincoln National Bank and the Cincinnati Gas & Electric Co. Grandson Frederick was an associate of Albert Einstein and Edward Teller who helped develop the Hauck Gas and Core Engine, a nuclear power instrument with space applications. Grandson Cornelius J. was Cincinnati Park Board president and Cincinnati Historical Society ''curator emeritus.''
Roy Rogers (1912-1998) was known to millions as the King of the Cowboys. But the popular TV and film star always remained a Cincinnati boy at heart, tracing his roots to his Cincinnati birthplace, where he first met the world as Leonard Slye.
George Barnsdale ''Boss'' Cox (1853-1916), the orphaned son of English immigrants, grew up on the streets of Cincinnati's 18th Ward. In 1879, he was elected to the only office he ever held -- the 18th Ward council seat. Before the 1880s were over, he had wheeled and dealed himself into becoming the unquestioned boss of a thoroughly corrupt Republican political machine that ruled the city until well after his death.
The Emery family: Thomas Emery Sr. settled here in the 1830s. His sons, Thomas and John, became key players in the development of the city, building homes, row houses, apartment buildings and hotels. Developer John J. Emery Jr. carried on the family tradition. His most ambitious project was the Carew Tower, completed in 1930. Thomas J. Emery's wife, Mary Emery, an arts philanthropist, is best known for her efforts to create Mariemont, an English-style village.
Henry Probasco (1820-1902) bought the Tyler Davidson Fountain in Germany and brought it here in 1871. He named it in memory of Mr. Davidson, his dead friend, partner and brother-in-law, and presented it ''to the people of Cincinnati.''
Eugene P. Ruehlmann (1925- ), Cincinnati mayor from December 1967 to April 1971, was the driving force behind the construction of Riverfront Stadium and the plaza at Fountain Square. In 1968, when riots tore apart Cincinnati neighborhoods, he was credited with helping to heal the wounds and creating city programs to deal with unemployment and housing discrimination. In 1989, years after retirement, he returned as Hamilton County Republican chairman, to put the party back on its feet when it was reeling from turmoil and scandal.
The Taft family: One of the country's longest-running political dynasties began with Alphonso Taft (1810-1891), a Vermonter who settled here in 1838. A founding member of the Republican Party, he was secretary of war and attorney general under President Grant. His third son, William Howard Taft (1857-1930), became 27th president of the United States. He later was appointed chief justice of the United States, the only person ever to hold that post and the presidency. William Howard Taft's first son, Robert Alphonso Taft (1889-1953) was elected to the U.S. Senate. Robert's younger brother, Charles Phelps Taft (1897-1983), helped create Cincinnati's Charter Committee and served as mayor and a member of City Council. Robert A. Taft Jr. (1917-1993) served in both the U.S. House and U.S. Senate. Today, Robert Taft II, who prefers to be called Bob, is governor of Ohio.
Ed Jucker: Jucker coached the University of Cincinnati to NCAA basketball championships in his first two seasons as head coach (1961 and '62), an unprecedented feat. His 1963 team almost made it three straight, falling in the final. His .801 winning percentage is still a UC record.
Salmon P. Chase (1808-1873): Chances are you've never seen a $10,000 bill. But if you did, you'd see the face of a Cincinnatian. A New Hampshire native who came to Cincinnati as a young lawyer, he became known as the ''attorney general for runaway Negroes.'' He served in the U.S. Senate and as Ohio's governor before becoming Lincoln's treasury secretary in 1861. He later was appointed chief justice of the United States.
William Henry
Harrison (1773-1841) and Benjamin Harrison (1833-1901): The elder Harrison, a Virginian, settled in North Bend after a military career that peaked in 1811 with his defeat of a force of Shawnee Indians at the Battle of Tippecanoe. After terms in the House and Senate, William Henry went from the lowly position of Hamilton County clerk of courts straight to the White House as the ninth president. But he was a stubborn cuss -- he refused to wear a top hat at his snowy inaugural, caught pneumonia and died a month into office. His grandson, Benjamin, was elected president in 1888.
Arthur St. Clair (1736-1818): The first governor of the Northwest Territory gave Cincinnati its name in honor of a society of Revolutionary War officers that derived its name from Cincinnatus, a fifth century B.C. Roman figure.
The Lambrinides family: It was 1949 when Nicholas Lambrinides founded Skyline Chili and developed a recipe that remains a closely guarded secret today. But that chili and the Skyline chain have been one of the flag-bearers for Cincinnati natives around the country. William, Christie and Lambert Lambrinides gave up control of Skyline last year when the company was sold to a New England investment firm.
The Rev. Fred L. Shuttlesworth (1922- ) is considered by many to be among the civil rights movement's top three leaders, along with the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Rev. Ralph Abernathy. The Rev. Mr. Shuttlesworth lives in North Avondale and is pastor of Greater New Light Baptist Church, which he organized in 1966.
The Lazarus family: Changing the calendar -- and the way we shop for Christmas -- could be Fred Lazarus Jr.'s most enduring contribution. By suggesting that President Franklin Roosevelt move the Thanksgiving holiday ahead a week, he helped extend the Christmas shopping season. In 1929, he formed Federated Department Stores, which today is the nation's biggest operator. Fred's son, Ralph, became chairman of Federated, and Ralph's wife, Irma Lazarus, was crucial to development of the city's arts community.
Gerhard Neumann (1917-1997), led development of General Electric's J79 engine, the first to fly at twice the speed of sound, in Evendale in the 1950s. A decade later he oversaw development of the world's first high-bypass engine, the TF-39. The more efficient engine, which became GE's CF6 family of engines, helped revolutionize commercial jet flight and position Cincinnati's GE Aircraft Engines as the world's largest jet-engine maker.
Maria Longworth Nichols Storer (1849-1932), an amateur potter, contributed heavily to the development of Cincinnati's cultural reputation, serving as the inspirational force behind the first May Festival in 1872 and then founding Rookwood Pottery in 1880.
Johnny Bench (1947- ) was named Most Valuable Player in the National League at age 22, and again at 24. He broke the record for career homers by a catcher, revolutionized the catching position, and helped lead Cincinnati to world titles in 1975 and '76. His first marriage, in 1975, was the social event of the year. He sang, acted, hosted TV shows, did commercials -- and made baseball's Hall of Fame. He also made everyone's All-Century team.
The Clooneys: From their roots in Northern Kentucky, two generations of Clooneys have left a lasting mark on music, movies, TV and radio, beginning in 1941 when 13-year-old Rosemary Clooney sang on WLW. Rosemary later scored a string of hit songs during the '50s. Her brother Nick won a loyal following in TV as variety-show host and journalist. Rosemary's son, Miguel Ferrer, is a highly respected actor whose early success enticed his cousin, Nick's son George, into show business.
Samuel Hannaford (1835-1911) was Cincinnati's most distinguished and prolific architect. By the time he retired in 1896, he had designed more than 400 structures, including City Hall (1893); Music Hall (1878); the Phoenix (1893); the Cincinnatian Hotel (1882); Elsinore Tower, the gateway to Eden Park (1883), and the Cincinnati Workhouse (1869; demolished 1991).
Murray Seasongood (1878-1983) campaigned against a tax increase the political bosses of 1923 wanted to cover their mismanagement. The campaign gave rise to a coalition called the Charter Committee, with Seasongood at its head. In 1924, voters replaced the ward system with a nine-member, at-large city council and a professional city manager.
Dr. Albert B. Sabin (1906-1993), a Russian immigrant, developed in 1957 a sugar cube treated with a live-but-weakened polio virus that prevented the dreaded disease. Despite the vaccine's worldwide use, Dr. Sabin never made a dime off his discovery.
Ezzard Charles (1921-1975) moved from Georgia to Cincinnati at age 9, and was the world heavyweight boxing champion from June 1949 to July 1951. A gentle man who did not smoke, drink or boast, he earned his greatest glory in a fight he lost. In 1954, Charles became the only man to last 15 rounds vs. fearsome brawler Rocky Marciano.
Potter Stewart (1915-1985), a U.S. Supreme Court justice for 23 years, used to say jokingly he was afraid his tombstone would be engraved with the one-liner for which he is best remembered. In a 1964 case, Justice Stewart wrote that while he could not define pornography, ''I know it when I see it.''
Theodore M. Berry (1905-) was Cincinnati's first African-American mayor, chosen by council to sit in that chair from 1972 to 1975. Born in Mason County, Ky., and raised in Cincinnati's West End, the Charterite lawyer became Hamilton County's first black assistant prosecutor in 1939. He served on council from 1942 until 1957.
Mike Fink (1770-1823) didn't actually live here -- or anywhere -- except on the river that flowed by Cincinnati's front porch. But he was the roughest, toughest, fightin'est boatman who ever pushed a keelboat up the Ohio, or the Mississippi, for that matter.
Powel Crosley Jr. (1886-1961) pioneered inexpensive radios, strong signals and baseball broadcasting, a combination that helped make WLW-FM ''the Nation's Station'' before coast-to-coast networks were founded. WLW went on the air in 1922, and at one point, Crosley Radio Corp. made more radios than any company in the world.
John and Richard Gano: Among the first settlers of what became Losantiville and then Cincinnati, the Gano brothers looked longingly across the Ohio River in 1814 at a fine piece of land they eventually bought and platted out, naming it for an old friend killed in the War of 1812: Gen. Leonard Covington.
Ulysses S. Grant (1822-1885): No, he is not on the list because he was the 18th president of the United States. Or because he is the answer to the question, Who is buried in Grant's Tomb? Grant -- born in Point Pleasant, Ohio, and raised in Georgetown -- is here because he saved the Union in the Civil War as head of all the Union armies. He was elected president in 1868 and re-elected in 1872, despite heading an administration known mostly for scandal and corruption.
Dr. Henry Heimlich (1920- ): There is no telling how many lives have been saved by the Heimlich Maneuver, a bear-hug procedure he developed to save choking and drowning victims.
Larry Flynt (1942- ) opened a Hustler Club on Walnut Street in the 1970s, which led to his legal battle with then-prosecutor Simon L. Leis Jr. and turned him into a national celebrity. Mr. Leis won, but the pandering obscenity conviction was overturned. The trial later became a major Hollywood motion picture. Mr. Flynt now operates a Hustler Store on Sixth Street. Next stop: Butler County.
Aaron Champion, a prominent attorney, was the founder of the 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings, the first professional baseball team. Asked once whether he would rather be president of the United States or president of the Red Stockings, he said, ''I would by far rather be president of the baseball club.''
John Parker (1827-1900): Born into slavery in Virginia, John Parker bought his freedom for $1,000 and headed west to Cincinnati to ply his trade as a skilled iron molder. He ended up 60 miles east in Ripley, where he became one of the principal conductors on the Underground Railroad.
Nicholas Longworth (1782-1863) was a generous supporter of cultural, scientific and charitable organizations. His Garden of Eden, one of several vineyards he established on hillsides he owned, eventually became Eden Park, which opened to the public in 1870.
Carl H. Lindner Jr. (1919- ) dropped out of high school to work at his father's ice cream business. Today, the Norwood native dominates the local business scene, from Chiquita Brands International to Great American Insurance to Provident Bank to the Cincinnati Reds.
John Cleves Symmes (1742-1814) paid the fledgling federal government for 2 million acres of land north of the Ohio River between the Little Miami and Great Miami rivers. He then sold it off to a host of would-be pioneers.
Jerry Springer (1944- ) The world knows him as the host of a weird and highly successful syndicated talk show. But Cincinnatians remember him as the earnest young lawyer who came to town in 1968 and got himself elected to council in the early 1970s, serving a term as mayor. And they remember him resigning from council in 1974 when a check he had written was found among the effects of a busted prostitute. Voters sent him back to council the next year, though. After an ill-fated run for Ohio's Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1992, he became a successful TV news anchor at WLWT (Channel 5), which led to a talk show. And the rest, as they say, is history.
John Shillito (1808-1879) started his department store downtown in 1830. The store moved to a massive building at Seventh and Race streets in 1877. Today, a new Lazarus, the name that replaced Shillito's, sits two blocks to the south.
Maurice McCrackin (1905-1997) was the conscience of Cincinnati for decades. The Presbyterian minister was arrested repeatedly in his years of protest against racial segregation, war, nuclear arms, the death penalty, homelessness and poverty.
J. Kenneth Blackwell (1948- ) is Ohio's secretary of state and the national chairman of Steve Forbes' presidential campaign. Since the Republican was first elected to Cincinnati City Council in 1977, he has been mayor (1979-80), an unsuccessful candidate for Congress (1990), an assistant secretary of Housing and Urban Development under HUD Secretary Jack Kemp, and President Bush's ambassador to the U. N. Commission on Human Rights. As state treasurer, he is the first African-American statewide elected official in Ohio.
Stan Chesley (1936- ) earned his reputation in 1977 as the lead plaintiffs lawyer in lawsuits filed after the Beverly Hills Supper Club fire in Southgate killed 165 people. He has also represented the families of victims in the Las Vegas MGM Grand Hotel fire and the poison gas leak in Bhopal, India. He is one of the country's biggest supporters of the Democratic Party, and has played host to several visits from President Clinton.
Granville Woods (1856-1910): Known by some as the ''black Edison,'' the inventor went to court twice to protect his inventions from Thomas Edison. Mr. Edison offered him a job, but Mr. Woods instead started his own company on Third Street. He later sold several of his inventions -- estimated at between 50 and 200 -- to larger companies. His most significant invention was the railway telegraph system in 1888, which led to major improvements in railway communications.
The Comisar family: Nathan Comisar operated a variety of restaurants in the 1920s, then started the modern group with La Normandie in 1931. The five-star Maisonette followed in 1949. The third generation of Comisars now runs the restaurant.
Sally Priesand (1946- ): The first American female rabbi was ordained a Reform Jewish ''teacher and rabbi in Israel'' on June 3, 1972, at the Cincinnati campus of Hebrew Union College. Today, she is senior religious leader at Monmouth Reform Temple in Tinton Falls, N.J.
William Procter and James Gamble formed their new company in 1837 with $7,192. P&G has evolved into the largest consumer-products company in the world.
Joe Morgan (1943- ) was the best player on two of the greatest teams ever, the 1975 and '76 world champion Reds, and the National League MVP in '75 and '76. In his prime, the second baseman was baseball's most complete package of speed, power and defense. He played for several teams but entered the Hall of Fame as a Red. Known for his sharp wit and insight, he is now a respected baseball analyst on TV.
Dr. John and Barbara Willke: In 1970, this Finneytown doctor and his wife, a retired registered nurse, started the Right-to-Life organization.
Cardinal Joseph Bernardin (1928-1996) was a charismatic leader of the Catholic Church who spent the final months of his life consensus-building and teaching people how to die. He was archbishop of Cincinnati from 1972 until Pope John Paul II sent him to Chicago in 1982 and made him a cardinal the next year.
Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise (1819-1900), called the father of American Reform Judaism, founded The American Israelite, the first American Jewish newspaper written in English, in 1854; the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, in 1873, and Hebrew Union College, in 1875.
Bobbie Sterne (1919- ): The matriarch of the Charter Committee and heir to the ''good government'' legacy left behind by the likes of Murray Seasongood and Charlie Taft, Mrs. Sterne was mayor from 1976 to 1979 and served on council from 1971 to her retirement in 1998, with one two-year break.
Richard Farmer (1934- ) developed his grandfather's business into Cintas Corp., a uniform rental business. It has made him the region's wealthiest citizen.
Nathaniel R. Jones (1926- ) was general counsel for the NAACP before being appointed to the bench by President Carter. In 1994, he was an official observer for the first democratic elections held in South Africa.
Oscar Robertson (1938- ): Before Michael Jordan, ''The Big O'' was considered the most complete basketball player of all time. (Some still think he is). He starred for the University of Cincinnati and then the NBA's Cincinnati Royals and Milwaukee Bucks. He closed his UC career in 1960 as the top scorer in college history, and left the NBA in 1974 as its No. 2 career scorer and No. 1 in assists. A statue of him stands outside UC's Shoemaker Center.
Tecumseh (1768-1813) was a Shawnee chief from south-central Ohio who sought to form a unified American Indian alliance against the settlers. He eventually persuaded other tribes to side with the British during the War of 1812. He died at the Battle of the Thames River in Canada.
Dr. Daniel Drake (1785-1852), a physician who is credited with coming up with ''The Buckeye State,'' started Ohio's first public hospital -- which later became University Hospital -- and founded the state's first medical school, museum and lending library.
Bernard Henry Kroger (1860-1938) opened his first grocery store on Pearl Street in 1883. The innovative Kroger advertised in newspapers, printed the price on each item and pioneered the distribution of coupons. Today, Kroger Co. is the nation's largest grocery-store chain.
Pete Rose (1941- ): Reds fans like to dwell on Rose's 4,256 hits instead of his lifetime ban from baseball, which Rose accepted in 1989 amid allegations of gambling. The recent Jim Gray interview turned Rose into a sympathetic figure, but chances are slim he will be reinstated to baseball.
Marge Schott (1928- ): Her tenure as Reds owner lasted 15 years and included one world championship, two suspensions by Baseball, and a revolving door of managers and staff. Cincinnati rallied around her when she bought a struggling Reds franchise on Dec. 21, 1984. But her loose tongue and tight pocketbook were embarrassments, and many applauded when Carl Lindner Jr. and friends bought the team this year.
Paul Brown (1908-1991) didn't actually invent football. But he did invent the Bengals, founding them in 1968 and serving as the first coach. By then, he was already in the Pro Football Hall of Fame for his work with the Cleveland Browns, whom he also founded and coached to seven league titles. Brown is known for innovations, including the face mask, the draw play and film study.
Anthony Munoz (1958- ) is the greatest Bengals player, hands down. But it was with hands up that he excelled, using his enormous paws to thwart opposing linemen. He was one of three tackles named to the NFL's All-75th Anniversary team, and the anchor of both Bengals Super Bowl teams (1981, '88). He was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1998.
DeHart Hubbard was known at Walnut Hills High as the fastest kid going. At the University of Michigan, he tied the world record for the 100-yard dash. And in 1924 in Paris, he became the first African-American to win an individual Olympic gold medal.
Rod Serling (1925-1975): Eight years before The Twilight Zone, Rod Serling's science-fiction tales were seen on The Storm, his first TV series on WKRC-TV. He started his career in 1950, writing for Midwestern Hayride and other shows on WLWT and WLW-AM.
The Corbetts: Philanthropists J. Ralph Corbett and Patricia A. Corbett established The Corbett Foundation in 1955 with the fortune they earned from their door chime company, NuTone. Since then more than $55 million has been donated to the arts, medicine and education in Cincinnati.
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