Tuesday's violence downtown marked the fourth time in 34 years large crowds of angry people took to the streets of Cincinnati.

        The first two incidents — in 1967 and again in 1968 — were racially motivated. The third was a November 2000 economic and trade conference.

        In summer 1967, Cincinnati exploded in violence as similar racial conflicts erupted in Cleveland, Detroit, Los Angeles and Newark, N.J.

        On June 12, a day after the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. had visited Cincinnati to preach non-violence, a riot broke out in Avondale, where tensions were high, after a black protester was arrested for loitering.

        By June 13, the situation had become so bad that then-Gov. James Rhodes called out the state's National Guard after city leaders determined the 900-member police division was not enough to contain theviolence.

        By June 14, 750 heavily-armed National Guardsmen had brought the riot under control. Overall, one person was killed and $2.6 million in property was destroyed.

        In 1968, violence broke out again after a memorial service following the assassination of the Rev. Dr. King.

        On April 8, four days after the Rev. Dr. King's death, Avondale was on fire. By dawn the next day, two had been killed, 220 arrested and $3 million worth of property was damaged.

Trade protests, too

        The most recent civil disturbance was in November 2000, when minor vandalism marked the TransAtlantic Business Dialogue conference.

        More than 100 business executives from theUnited States and Europe met in Cincinnati, recommending lowering trade barriers and standardizing regulations to reduce costs.

        A coalition of environmental and consumer groups protested, saying business already has too much influence on trade policy.

        The meeting drew about 200 demonstrators to Fountain Square and downtown streets.

        When it was all over, 53 had been arrested on charges ranging from misdemeanor disorderly conduct to felony vandalism.

Map: Where violence occured
Photo gallery
Main report on Tuesday's violence
Initial findings may not support officer's actions
Council locked up in City Hall
Blacks, whites vent on radio
Brother's whispers resound amid madness
Rioting not the way, leaders say
Police try to go by the 'book'
Public Safety Department may be abolished
Racial strife not new to city
Donations for Thomas family