By Ralph D. Russo
The Associated Press

BOSTON - When the Atlantic Coast Conference raided the Big East to become a football powerhouse, it started a wave of change that has left the non-BCS leagues in a state of flux.

Like the Big East, Conference USA, the Western Athletic Conference, the Mid-American Conference and the Sun Belt Conference are preparing to play the upcoming season with several lame-duck members.

So how do you lead a league in limbo?

"Get through this year and look to '05 when the new members join," WAC commissioner Karl Benson said Tuesday during a break in the Collegiate Commissioners Association meetings. "The disadvantage here is you lose a year of planning, and there's confusion. In the past, it hasn't been all that damaging. We've got four schools that are playing in their final year. It's awkward, but it's not unmanageable."

Teams switching conferences is nothing new. Since 1990, the Pac-10 is the only Division I-A football conference that has not changed members.

But never before have so many teams in so many leagues been shuffled in such a short time. Over the next two seasons, about 20 percent of the 117 Division I-A football schools will be changing leagues.

The ACC knocked over the first domino when it lured Miami and Virginia Tech out of the Big East. Those schools join the ACC this season. Next season, Boston College follows.

The Big East recouped by adding five schools from Conference USA, three that play football. Louisville, Cincinnati and South Florida join Big East football in 2005. Marquette and DePaul are also shifting from C-USA to the Big East.

C-USA will say goodbye to two more football schools after the 2004 season when Army goes back to being an independent and Texas Christian heads to the Mountain West Conference after just three football seasons in C-USA.

The Horned Frogs garnered national attention for themselves and C-USA last year by going 11-2 and reaching as high as sixth in the Bowl Championship Series standings, the highest ranking ever for a team from a non-BCS league.

TCU, Louisville and Cincinnati have football programs that have blossomed into consistent winners in recent years, and all three are expected to contend for the C-USA title in 2004.

Next season they will be replaced by Marshall, Central Florida, UTEP, Rice, SMU and Tulsa.

"It think it's a challenge for us, because we're changing so many of our members that have strong identities," said C-USA commissioner Britton Banowsky, whose conference is also losing non-football members Charlotte and Saint Louis to the Atlantic 10.

C-USA will be a two-division 12-team football league in 2005, with plans to play a league championship game.

The reconstruction of C-USA left the WAC looking for new members to replace UTEP, SMU, Rice and Tulsa.

Benson found replacements in misplaced Sun Belt Conference schools Idaho, New Mexico State and Utah State.

The good news for the WAC - unlike C-USA - is the league is not losing its marquee football schools, Boise State, Fresno State and Hawaii.

MAC commissioner Rick Chryst said his league has no plans now to replace Marshall and Central Florida.

As for the Sun Belt, it welcomes Troy State this season and fledgling I-A programs Florida Atlantic and Florida International in 2005.